Zakat commodity at the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW was the staple food of the Arabs. If zakat and alms in Southeast Asian countries can and are usually paid with the type of commodity rice. Things are different when compared to the time of the Prophet Muhammad.
Because the type of zakat fitrah at the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW was not in the form of rice and money, but wheat and dates. This of course adjusts the existing commodities in the region. In a hadith it is stated,
فرض رسول الله زكاة الفطر من رمضان على الناس صاعا من تمر او صاعا من شعر على كل حُـرٍّ او عبد ذكر او انثى من المسلمين
"Faradha Rasululullahi SAW zakaatal-fithri min Ramadhaana alannaasi shaa'an min tamrin aw shaa'an min syi'irin ala kulli hurrin aw abdin zakarin aw untsa minal-Muslimiin,".
Which means, "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) required the zakat fitrah of the month of Ramadan to be equal to one shaa of dates, that is, to every free person, slave, male and female Muslim,".
If we get to know more closely about the life of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, it is known that wheat and dates have become commodities that are zakated. Because these two foodstuffs are the staple food of the Arabs.
Minimum size of zakat fitrah per person
Not the same as the situation in Southeast Asian countries, where the staple food is generally rice.
In another hadith it is stated,
"Addu an kulli hurrin wa abdin shaghirun aw kabirin nishfa shaa'in min burrin aw shaa'an min tamrin aw sya'irin,". Which means, "Pay each free person, slave, child, or old person in the form of half a sha burr or a sha of dates or sya'ir flour,".
In another hadith it is also stated,
"Kunna nukhriju zakat al-fithri idz kaana fiina Rasulullah SAW shaa'an min tha'amin aw shaa' min tamrin aw shaa'an min syi'irin aw shaa'an min zabibin aw shaa'an min aqithin falaa azaal ukhrijuhu kama yuhrijuhu .
Which means, "We paid zakat fitrah when the Messenger of Allah was with us one sha' tha'am (hinthah) or one sha' dates or one sha' sya'ir or one sha' zabib, or one sha' aqith. And I always pay zakat fitrah like that for the rest of my life."
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